“It’s Not Just Laziness”: Understanding Executive Dysfunction in Disability Support

Have you ever supported someone who struggles to start a task—even something they want to do? Who forgets steps, avoids certain chores, or gets overwhelmed by planning simple routines? You might be seeing executive dysfunction—not laziness.

Executive dysfunction affects the brain’s ability to plan, organise, prioritise, and act. It’s common in people with ADHD, autism, acquired brain injuries, and some mental health conditions.

What It Can Look Like

• Struggling to begin a task, even with reminders

• Forgetting or skipping steps

• Getting “stuck” in the middle of a routine

• Difficulty shifting from one activity to another

• Meltdowns or shutdowns when overwhelmed by too many choices

This isn’t defiance or a lack of motivation. It’s the brain’s executive system needing more support.

How Support Workers Can Help

• Break tasks into small, visual steps (e.g. with a picture checklist)

• Provide structure and routine, but be flexible when needed

• Use timers, visual schedules, or verbal prompts

• Avoid judgement—phrases like “You just need to try harder” can be hurtful

• Celebrate small wins—completing a step is progress

Remember: the person wants to do well. Executive dysfunction isn’t a character flaw—it’s a brain-based difference that needs compassionate support.

Support, Not Shame

When support workers understand executive dysfunction, they stop seeing “non-compliance” and start seeing a support need. With the right approach, individuals can achieve more independence and feel less frustration or failure.

Because everyone deserves support that meets them where they’re at.