Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition that affects intellectual development, behaviour, and physical features. It is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, and it impacts both males and females, although males are often more severely affected. The condition is caused by a mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, which disrupts the production of a protein needed for brain development.

For families and support workers, understanding Fragile X syndrome means recognising its wide-ranging effects on learning, communication, and daily functioning. With the right supports in place, people with Fragile X can be empowered to build skills, connect with others, and participate fully in their communities.

Rett syndrome is a rare neurological condition that primarily affects girls and is most often caused by a mutation in the MECP2 gene. Children with Rett syndrome typically develop normally in their first year, before gradually losing previously acquired skills such as speech, purposeful hand use, and coordination.

As the condition progresses, it can affect nearly every aspect of a person’s daily life—from walking and eating to breathing and communicating. Though the challenges are significant, supportive care and inclusive attitudes can help individuals with Rett syndrome live meaningful, connected lives.